Essential information for paper submission

About Author(s)

Provide complete author information including their degree, affiliation (university, school, department), location (city, state, country), email address, ORCID ID, and roles according to CRediT taxonomy for co-authorship.

Competing Interests

If any of the authors have any competing interests then these must be declared. Guidelines for competing interests can be found here. If there are no conflicts of interest, provide the following declaration at the end of the text and before the References section: "Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no competing interests.

Link to Preprint

Manuscripts submitted to CadLin must be previously deposited in a preprint server that supports public commenting. Include the preprint's DOI at the end of the text, prior to the references, with the title "Link to Preprint."

Research Preregistration and Standards

Authors are required ​to review the standards available for many research applications from the Equator Network ​and use those that are relevant for the reported research applications. Authors must confirm in this section that they reviewed the standards, report whether any standards were relevant for the research application, and confirm that they followed those standards in the manuscript.

Authors must also indicate in this section whether or not the conducted research was preregistered with or without an analysis plan in an independent, institutional registry. If the authors did preregister the research with or without an analysis plan, they must confirm in the text that the study was registered prior to conducting the research with links to the time­stamped preregistrations at the institutional registry, and in case an analysis plan is includes, report if there were changes in the plan following preregistration. Those changes must be disclosed with explanation for the changes. Finally, the authors must clearly distinguish in text analyses that were preregistered from those that were not, such as having separate sections in the results for confirmatory and exploratory analyses.

Place this information at the end of the text, before the References section, titled Research Preregistration and Standards.

Data Accessibility Statement

All data, codes, and materials necessary to replicate the study's findings must be publicly accessible at publication time. If restrictions apply, detail how others can obtain access. Provide a Data Accessibility Statement at the end of the text, before the References section.

These are some examples of declaration that can be used for the Data Availability Declaration:

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name e.g “figshare”] at http://doi.org/[doi], reference number [reference number].

The data, codes and materials that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at [URL], reference number [reference number].

The data, codes and materials that support the findings of this study are available in [repository name] at [URL/DOI], reference number [reference number]. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: [list resources and URLs].

The authors confirm that the data, codes and materials supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and/or] its supplementary materials.

The data, codes and materials that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, [initials]. The data/materials are not publicly available due to [restrictions e.g. their containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants].

The data that support the findings of this study are available [from] [third party]. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available [from the authors / at URL] with the permission of [third party].

Non-digital data supporting this study are curated at [add location].

Ethics and consent (if applicable)

Research involving human subjects, human material, or human data, must have been performed in accordance with the principles of respect of persons, beneficence, and justice as outlined by the Belmont Report. Where applicable, the studies must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee and the authors should include a statement within the article text detailing this approval, including the name of the ethics committee and reference number of the approval. The identity of the research subject should be anonymised whenever possible. For research involving human subjects, informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their legal guardian).

Disclosure of Funding Sources (if applicable)

Authors are required to declare what support they received to carry out their research. Declaring funding sources acknowledges funders’ contributions, fulfills funding requirements, and promotes greater transparency in the research process.